Journal of Education, Law and Social Sciences

Strengthening Academic Success: Exploring the Impact of Teacher–Student Relationships in Secondary Education

Ayesha Amir, Rabia Manzoor — Tue, 20 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This descriptive study explores how the quality of teacher–student relationships contribute to academic achievement within public secondary education. A descriptive survey design was chosen to produce quantitative data sufficient in breadth to support both reliability and validity. The focal population comprised 2,000 tenth-grade pupils enrolled across eight public secondary schools within the Multan region of South Punjab, Pakistan. A convenient sampling technique was then applied, yielding a study sample of 350 subjects. A structured questionnaire, calibrated on a five-point Likert scale, was administered to capture students’ perceptions of teacher–student dynamics and of academic motivation. Responses were subsequently processed with SPSS, applying both descriptive statistics—mean and standard deviation—and inferential analyses including independent t-tests and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Results establish that supportive teacher–student interactions increase academic achievement, elevate motivation, and enhance classroom engagement in statistically significant ways. Furthermore, a substantial positive correlation was observed between the quality of teacher–student relationships and indices of overall academic performance. The findings indicate that the deliberate cultivation of constructive interactions between teachers and students functions as a conduit to academic success, effectively reinforcing student self-confidence, motivation, and related learning outcomes.

The investigation underscores the imperative for both policymakers and educational leaders to institute comprehensive professional development and support initiatives, which are designed expressly to bolster interactive and responsive teacher–learner relationships. Such investments are posited as instrumental not only in raising immediate instructional quality, but also in ensuring the long-term, sustainable advancement of the educational system in Pakistan.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan

Zohaib Kamran Chaudhary, Mubashir Muneer — Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This Pakistan is confronted by chronic electricity shortfalls, an escalating dependence on imported fossil fuels, and accelerating consumption demands—factors that together undermine sustained macroeconomic stability. Securing a reliable and affordable energy supply while preserving a high growth trajectory necessitates a deliberate and deliberate integration of both renewable and fossil fuel resources. This investigation quantifies the differential influence of renewable and carbon-based energy consumption, together with measures of financial development, on macroeconomic performance. Annual observations from the period extending 2000 to 2023 have been assembled from the World Development Indicators, the International Energy Agency, and BP Energy Outlook. Symmetric and asymmetric speeds of adjustment have been estimated by employing both autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models; the consistency of the findings is then checked through a constrained vector error-correction framework that inspects Granger causality relations. Empirical results indicate that fossil energy delivers a transitory growth stimulus on short time horizons yet imposes a progressively severed and irreversible drag in equilibrating long durations, attributable to escalating import bills and negative external juice. By contrast, renewable energy manifests a statistically and economically notable positive influence that stabilizes long horizons, conforming to the growth trajectory of a sustainable development setup. Complementarily, well-designed financial development is shown to mediate and accelerate renewable mobilizations, further contributing to general energy security. The collective implication of the results calls for a systematic diversification of supply portfolios, a recalibration of financial sector architectures, and policy architectures that privilege and promote the non-green energy sector to secure macroeconomic sustainability for the Pakistan economy.

Exploring Leadership Styles in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Universities

Sajjad Saleem, Azam Bucha — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Pakistan’s world of higher education, leadership plays a pivotal role in the balancing of the policy framework, the development of the teaching workforce, and the learner’s productive outcomes. In the current context characterized by governance gaps, persistent shortages of resources, and a strong drive for excellence, the rigorous examination of observable leadership paradigms becomes essential for the simultaneous and continuous renewal and reform of the institutions. This study compares the incidence and impact of five important types of leadership—transformational, transactional, democratic, authoritarian, and laissez-faire—within the public and private university sectors of the country. The empirical basis for the study is a purposive multi-regional sample of schools in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baluchistan, from which a purposively designed survey instrument was sent to academic and administrative staff. The quantitative information was subjected to a wide range of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, which revealed a different sufficient magnitude of variance across sectors to warrant diagnosis. In the public sector, the leadership is characterized as hybridity-producing, in which democratic discourse is temporarily supplemented by authoritarian control, a composite inherited from deep-rooted bureaucratic customs and externally imposed departmental rules. The competitive landscape of the proprietary sector indicates the simultaneous interweaving of transformational and transactional modalities. This integrated duality of transactional and transformational traits in the proprietary sector demonstrates a response to rudimentary and adaptive competitive levels in the market.

Exploring Teachers’ Role in Cultivating Moral Responsibility among University Students: Evidence from Government Institutions

Muhammad Ali Talha, Abdullah Khan — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Within higher education, the function of moral responsibility has generally been restrained; exemptions tend to emerge where moral education is seen as an adjunct to formal instruction elsewhere. In Pakistan the sensed moral vacuum among students at certain publicly funded universities is complicated, including academic misconduct, widespread apathy toward public duties, and a perceived erosion of core ethical values. Accordingly, the present investigation examines how faculty members foster moral accountability among undergraduates enrolled in government colleges. Employing a descriptive survey design, the study surveyed a purposeful sample of 350 instructors representing diverse disciplines and genders. A data-gathering instrument constructed based on a structured questionnaire focused on mentors’ and disciplinarians’ reinforcement of norms, punishment of transgressions, and provision of encouragement. Statistical processing of gathered indicators was undertaken using descriptive metrics in conjunction with inferential analyses (t-test, ANOVA). Findings reveal that academic staff contribute to collegial moral formation as an additive, if cumulative, influence, serving dimensions of custodial oversight, moral instruction, and curbing of misconduct. Discrepancies across gender and discipline were noted. This study identified a gap within the institution; while teachers have the potential to reinforce moral development in students, training, acknowledgment, and policy frameworks are a limitation to reach their positive influences. The integration of moral education into higher education policy and incorporating moral education into the K-12 curriculum needs to be advanced with teachers’ preparation programs and fostering a sense of responsibility on the part of all members of the campus community.

Effect of Social Media Apps on Student’s Academic Performance at University Level

Sobia Tasneem, Fariha Sohil — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research project aims to investigate the relationship between university students' academic performance and social media use. The purpose of the study was to learn how university students perceived social media's impact on their academic achievement. The researcher used a quantitative research design for this investigation. A sample of 200 female students at Women University Multan studying science, business, and the arts was selected using the sample random selection approach from a total population. A Likert-type questionnaire with 19 statements was employed by the researcher. While examining the measurable information, Mean, Standard deviation, recurrence, one way ANOVA and Z-TEST were applied to investigate the impact of web-based entertainment on understudy execution. A five-point Likert Scale Questionnaire type, titled Social Media and Academic Performance of Students were used to collect data from the students. The descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to analyze the demographic data while statistical test was used in testing the research hypotheses. Research findings showed that a great number of students are using social media. At the end of the research recommended that social media should be used for educational purposes as well. This is to create a balance between social media and academic activities of students to avoid setbacks in the academic performance of the students.

Legal and Social Integration of Madaris Students in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities

Iftikhar Hussain Shah, Muhammad Junaid Joiya — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative research project examines both the possibility of integration and the difficulties faced by madaris students in Pakistan's socio-legal environment. The Madaris, which are integral to Pakistan's educational and cultural landscape, are responsible for maintaining a delicate equilibrium between the requirements of a modernizing society and the longstanding Islamic education they have consistently offered. This study examines the legal, social, and employment limitations that hinder the integration of madaris graduates into mainstream society. In addition, the study examines other avenues for integration that these graduates could pursue. The research utilizes semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis to provide insight into the notable legal obstacles that madaris students should be mindful of. The primary obstacle they face is the lack of recognition for their academic qualifications. Due to the marginalization and prejudices, they face in society, these students experience greater challenges in securing jobs and achieving social acceptance. Despite these limitations, certain firms can provide work prospects by recognizing the distinctive abilities obtained through a madaris education. The research highlights the significance of enacting comprehensive legal changes, broadening the educational curriculum, and actively participating in public discussions to promote the integration of children diagnosed as madaris. The study demonstrates the capacity of madrasa graduates to significantly influence Pakistan's socioeconomic advancement in a manner that aligns with both global human rights standards and domestic educational objectives. This is achieved by examining the components that are analyzed in the research. The report adds to the existing discourse on diversity in the educational system by presenting various approaches to improve social cohesion and inclusivity in Pakistan.