Journal of Education, Law and Social Sciences

Post-Flood Economic Challenges, Resilience and Rehabilitation Strategies: A Quantitative Analysis of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

2026-08-03T06:31:13+00:00

The effects of climate change are now becoming more explosive and more frequent across the world, with developing countries having less adaptive capacity to cope with the effects of flooding. Pakistan has been one of the most climate-vulnerable countries and endured catastrophic flood events in 2010 and 2022, but the socioeconomic impacts of these disasters are only partially documented. This study is a crucial effort to fill this gap in the literature by systematically evaluating the economic problems, coping mechanisms, and recovery strategies after the floods of 2022 in Hyderabad District, Sindh, Pakistan, using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 households affected by flood events, covering the following areas: demographic characteristics, severity of economic impacts, institutional effectiveness, and community-led strategies and solutions. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression techniques were used to analyse the relationships between institutional interventions and the economic recovery outcomes. The results show terrible economic effects: 84% of questioned people said their crops were destroyed, 78% had to accept significant income cuts, and 72% had to endure damage to their homes or displacement. The overall level of satisfaction varied from institutions with neutral satisfaction, such as government rehabilitation institutions, moderately effective as political party institutions, to most trusted as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (mean=3.9). Of particular interest, community-led strategies such as indigenous knowledge sharing (mean=4.4) and participatory decision-making (mean=4.3) were the most endorsed strategies. The regression model accounted for 46.2% of the variance in the economic recovery, with the greatest predictors being those of the role of NGOs in training and employment support (β=0.38) and the role of the community in planning (β=0.30). The results of this study show that the key elements of sustainable post-flood rehabilitation include reorientation to community-empowered rehabilitation, incorporation of indigenous knowledge systems, strengthening of grassroots capacity building, and reform of the compensation system so that it is transparent and equitable in distributing the resources. The findings offer empirically based policy recommendations to enhance the climate resilience of flood-prone urban-rural economies of Pakistan.

STEM for Sustainable Development in Pakistan: Innovative Practices and Future Prospects

2026-08-03T06:35:22+00:00

In Pakistan, STEM education is important for fostering innovation and new improvements for sustainability. This research used a mixed-method approach by surveying 100 teachers with closed-ended questions and doing semi-structured interviews with 30 teachers. The results show that, under adverse conditions of poor infrastructure, low investment, and slack policy implementation, creative approaches like project-based learning, digital labs, and inexpensive science kits are vital for STEM education’s effectiveness. The results suggest that major policy changes are necessary and that new investment would be required along with teacher training, enhanced technology integration, and improved industry–academy collaboration. These pointers provide a coherent strategy to promote STEM education in Pakistan and align it with emerging sustainability benchmarks globally.

Human Rights Law as a Driver of Development: Global Lessons and Local Realities

2026-08-03T06:42:48+00:00

This paper investigates the impact of human rights law as a catalyst for advancing socio-economic development. Using the human rights approach to development (HRBA), the research analyzes global case studies where legal systems enabled inclusive growth, poverty alleviation, and social equity namely, South Africa, Latin America, and the Nordic welfare model. It also examines the situation in Pakistan, where constitutional rights and legal promises are enforced at a deficit and are weakly institutionally supported, socially and politically constrained, and socially enforced. Balancing international case studies with Pakistan’s situation, the article demonstrates the potentials and limitations of law as a tool for development. The research concludes that human rights law is pivotal for sustainable development, however, its application is determined by the presence of strong institutions, political consideration, and a motivated public. The paper ends with the suggestions of enhancing legal and institutional frameworks in Pakistan to better integrate and align development policies with human rights.

Population Growth and the Erosion of Public Space in Faisalabad: A Qualitative Study

2026-08-03T06:51:01+00:00

Rapid growth in population is a major problem of urban sustainability for Pakistan as population is increasing putting more pressure on the public facilities and community spaces. Faisalabad, one of the fast-growing industrial cities in the country, provides an interesting context in which to think through the consequences of demographic growth on the availability and quality of public space. This research attempts to stimulate the phenomena of relationship population growth and public space erosion in Faisalabad by using qualitative research approach. Primary data was gathered in the form of both in-depth interviews of the residents and street vendors as well as other members of the local community and systematic field observations of the parks, streets and neighborhood communal spaces in the high-density areas. Thematic analysis has revealed that population growth is one of the reasons for overcrowding, informal encroachment and commercialization and declining accessibility to public spaces. These changes disproportionately affect women, old people and poor, demonstrating the forms of the socially unequal impacts of the pressure of demographic. The findings further suggest that weak urban governance and poor planning exist that make the consequences of the increased population of the public spaces more severe. The result the study concludes is that erosion of public space in the context of Faisalabad is not only the result of the demographic process but the interaction of population pressure and the institutional limitations and informal urban. By foregrounding the lived experiences of residents, this research contributes to the fields of population studies and urban sociology with interest in the need for population sensitive and inclusive urban planning for preserving public space as a common social resource.

Socio-Economic Challenges Faced by Prisoners' Families in Lower Dir: A Case Study of Tehsil Timergara, District Lower Dir

2026-08-03T10:45:02+00:00

This study explores the socioeconomic challenges faced by families of prisoners in Lower Dir, specifically in Tehsil Timergara. Employing a cross-sectional research design within a quantitative framework, the research focuses on incarceration's economic, psychological, and social effects on families. The study population comprised of 50 respondents primarily heads of families or immediate family members of prisoners. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, interview schedules, observations, and prison records, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. Univariate and bivariate techniques, including frequency tables and cross-tabulations were applied using SPSS software to analyze and present the data. Findings reveal severe financial hardships, social stigma, and disruptions in education, healthcare, and family dynamics. Financial instability due to the loss of the primary breadwinner significantly impacts families' ability to meet basic needs, exacerbating stress and mental health issues. Social stigma leads to isolation, hindering families' access to support systems and employment opportunities. Coping mechanisms, such as reliance on extended family networks, community-based organizations, and religious practices, provide limited relief. Formal support systems, including government and NGO programs, are constrained by bureaucratic inefficiencies, resource limitations, and local power dynamics, leaving significant gaps in addressing the diverse needs of prisoner families. The study concludes that families of prisoners in Lower Dir face profound socioeconomic challenges that require urgent attention. Financial strain, educational disruptions, and limited access to healthcare underscore the need for a more integrated and culturally sensitive approach. Enhanced coordination between government agencies, NGOs, and community-based initiatives is essential to develop effective support mechanisms, improve resource allocation, and promote the well-being of these families. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to alleviate their struggles and foster social and economic stability.